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As Grandmaster Jou himself freely admitted, it wasnt until the
last decade of his life, especially in the last few years, that he began
to make real progress in taiji. Ever the scholar, he took up the classics
as his primary source of learning. In fact, he would often say that his
teacher was Zhang San Feng, a reference to the legendary founder of taiji.
In addition to the classics, Grandmaster Jou spent considerable time in
studying any ancient text, originals or reproductions, written about taiji,
qigong, meditation or Daoist energy practices. He revived forgotten systems
of practice and borrowed exercises from other martial disciplines, vesting
them with internal attributes until they became just one more internal
arts exercise. He developed new and unique practice systems, all intended
to lead to further progress in taiji. Many of these systems he openly
shared with all his students. Some of the more advanced practices he reserved,
not as an act of secrecy but simply because they required a minimum level
of progress that few attained. Even then he freely shared a vast scope
of knowledge and gave anyone who understood them, the tools to master
the art of taiji.
His theories were simple though sometimes controversial. The practice
of taiji should follow the evolution of the art. Chen Form(s) should always
be studied first, its principles understood and mastered. Only then should
the Yang Form be studied, for only by mastering Chen could Yang be truly
understood. The final stage of evolution was expressed in the Wu/Hao Form,
which internalized the principles to its subtlest nuances. Beyond that
was pure mind method. These, the four classic forms, as he
considered them, comprised the heart of his taiji study and teachings.
At the same time he made no secret of how he felt about the forms outside
of these four. The Wujianquan Form was a less advanced derivative of the
Yang Form. The Sun Form was a redundant hodgepodge of the three internal
arts. Weapons forms were often learned too early in a student's taiji
education -- a waste of time that could be better spent in practice and
understanding of the principles. All other variants were simply a distraction
from the originals.
Grandmaster Jou approached the study and teaching of taiji holistically,
that is, he taught all its aspects: as a martial art, as a spiritual practice,
as a philosophy, etc. He disapproved of those who taught the art in a
fragmented fashion. Taught properly, he believed that all benefits became
an effective byproduct of diligent taiji practice. Taught in fragmented
fashion the benefits are equally fragmented. He understood that not everyone
was the same. As such he taught people to begin their study by tailoring
their practice to their bodys limits. He encouraged everyone, however,
to extend those limits to their utmost. Lastly, it saddened him that so
many teachers neglected to teach (and often didn't even know) the taiji
principles and Daoist energy practices which comprise the heart of taiji.
As Grandmaster Jous understanding evolved so did his teachings.
He had no illusions about his own abilities and never let ego get in the
way of progress. For example, for years he taught his students to perform
prebirth, or reverse, breathing during the practice of the form. However,
he had also spent much time pondering a phrase which had cropped up in
a number of ancient texts relating to qigong. The phrase was wuxi
zhixi, roughly translated, breathing without breathing.
Through much meditation and experimentation, Grandmaster Jou came to understand
the phrase and, after years of teaching breathing the old way, he took
up the practice of breathing without breathing, passing the
knowledge on to his students (for more information see The Dao of Taijiquan).
As Grandmaster Jous understanding of taiji continued to progress
he focused more and more on the simpler is better approach.
He continued to refuse teaching weapons forms and warned his students
that if they were to make any serious progress, they had to give up everything
theyd learned and go back to the basics, focusing on the pure principles
of taijiquan. He focused heavily on basic exercise drills, study of the
classics, and the Chen Form. Many of his students abandoned him during
this period, instead choosing to pursue easier avenues with quicker gratification.
Still Grandmaster Jou would not relent. The dongjing, the knowing
energy was upon him. He knew he was right and persevered. Unlike
many of his contemporaries, he was a purist and refused to mix any other
martial arts techniques into his practice of taiji. This, he claimed,
was what led to his breakthroughs in the Art.
For example, during Grandmaster Jous many travels he observed
that none of todays taiji masters are able to effectively spar with
taiji alone. In fact, even those who said they could were not actually
using pure taiji principles but rather mixing techniques from other arts,
such as gongfu, to bolster their sparring. From this observation he believed
that he had discovered an almost universal mistake made by contemporaries
and students alike. This discovery, in turn, led to one his most controversial
breakthroughs. The purpose of practicing the forms, he realized, wasnt
for fighting but rather to be used as a template to become one with the
taiji principles. In fact, he eventually became convinced that use of
form application would forever lock a practitioner into a level from which
no progress would ever be made. This theory did not sit well with people
whod spent their whole lives practicing and teaching application.
Yet proof, as they say, is in the pudding.
When sparring, Grandmaster Jou became a showcase for the unpredictable.
Attack him and he was behind you. Grab him and he was no longer in your
grasp. Push hands became push air then suddenly back to push
hands and youd lost. Chin na was useless against him. Hard styles
couldnt compensate for his unpredictable moves. As one former sparring
partner put it, When you sparred with 'Grandmaster' Jou you typically
ended up upside down against a pole without remembering how you
got there. Not for a moment did he pollute his
taiji with any other martial art. Years of infusing taiji movement into
his very being paid dividends -- for when this 81 year old man sparred,
he did so with taiji principles alone and could not be beaten.
The death of Grandmaster Jou was especially difficult for those who
studied beneath him, for they knew better than any what the world had
truly lost. Yet perhaps before leaving us, Grandmaster Jou had already
given us the secret to taiji mastery, which, like so many secrets, remains
in plain sight. Go back to the basics and practice. With that
simple fact we come to realize that understanding is the easy part. Its
the mastery that takes a lifetime.
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